Associations of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day with Biomarkers of Exposure Among U.S. Adult Cigarette Smokers in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013–2014)
Introduction:
This text provides an analysis of the relationship between biomarkers of exposure and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) among daily cigarette smokers in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. The study includes a wide array of biomarkers and examines biomarker concentrations among exclusive cigarette smokers, as well as in dual users who use e-cigarettes or smokeless tobacco in addition to cigarettes.
Key Points:
* The study includes a large and comprehensive set of biomarkers of exposure by CPD among over 2,700 U.S. adult daily cigarette smokers in the nationally representative PATH Study.
* Biomarker concentrations consistently increased with CPD for each tobacco user group, although concentrations tended to level off at high smoking levels.
* Dual cigarette and e-cigarette users had higher levels of some biomarkers such as Total Nicotine Equivalents-2 (TNE-2) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) than exclusive cigarette smokers.
* Dual cigarette and smokeless tobacco users had higher levels of NNAL and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) than exclusive cigarette smokers.
* The study represents the first analysis of the dose-response relationship between biomarkers of exposure and CPD using the extensive resources provided by the PATH Study.
Main Message:
The study highlights the importance of considering biomarker data by CPD in the assessment of potential health risks of tobacco products. The findings suggest that dual users of cigarettes with either e-cigarettes or smokeless tobacco are exposed to higher levels of certain toxicants and carcinogens than exclusive cigarette smokers. Availability of biomarker data by CPD may aid in comparisons between cigarette smoking and use of new and potentially reduced exposure tobacco products, which may result in different levels of constituent and toxicant exposure.
Citation
Rostron, Brian L., Catherine G. Corey, Joanne T. Chang, Dana M. Van Bemmel, Mollie E. Miller, and Cindy M. Chang. “Associations of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day with Biomarkers of Exposure Among U.S. Adult Cigarette Smokers in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013–2014).” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 28, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 1443–53. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0013.
Rostron, Brian L., Catherine G. Corey, Joanne T. Chang, Dana M. Van Bemmel, Mollie E. Miller, and Cindy M. Chang. “Associations of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day with Biomarkers of Exposure Among U.S. Adult Cigarette Smokers in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013–2014).” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 28, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 1443–53. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0013.
