Review of Use Prevalence, Susceptibility, Advertisement Exposure, and Access to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems among Minorities and Low-Income Populations in the United States.

Introduction:
This review examines the prevalence, susceptibility, advertisement exposure, and access to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among minorities and low-income populations in the United States. The review aims to determine if use prevalence is disproportionately high among these populations and if this may lead to environmental tobacco exposure (ETE) disparities.

Key Points:

* The review identified 32 studies that met the inclusion criteria.
* The findings suggest low prevalence of ENDS use among minorities and low-income populations.
* However, mixed outcomes on susceptibility, advertisement exposure, and access among low-income groups may affect future ENDS use and ETE.
* Susceptibility to ENDS use was higher among minority youth.
* Exposure to ENDS advertisements and access to vape shops and other tobacco retail outlets may impact demographic differences in ENDS use.
* Direct estimation of ETE from ENDS use by race/ethnicity and SES is limited.
* ETE was extrapolated from study findings based on assumptions that potential ETE increases with use prevalence, susceptibility may influence future use among non-users and experimental users, and advertising exposure and access may impact demographic differences in ENDS use.

Main Message:
The review suggests low prevalence of ENDS use among minority and low-income populations, indicating low potential for ETE among these groups. However, mixed outcomes on susceptibility, advertisement exposure, and access among low-income groups may affect future ENDS use and ETE. The study highlights the need for educational campaigns that discourage ENDS uptake among EJ youth and initiatives aimed at managing vape shop presence in EJ communities and monitoring targeted advertisements. Further research is needed to directly estimate ETE from ENDS use by race/ethnicity and SES.

Addo Ntim S, Martin B, Termeh-Zonoozi Y. Review of Use Prevalence, Susceptibility, Advertisement Exposure, and Access to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems among Minorities and Low-Income Populations in the United States. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2022;19(20). doi:10.3390/ijerph192013585