Summary
The findings indicate that synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), which are found in “herbal products,” can cause various adverse effects such as osis, paranoia, aggression, anxiety attacks, dependence, and even death through suicide, adverse reaction, or overdose. acute cardiac toxicities are also common, with tachycardia/bradycardia and chest pain being the most commonly reported findings. a case of supraventricular tachycardia with a heart rate of 172 bpm was reported in a 24-year-old after ingesting e-cigarette fluid mixed with SCs. acute myocardial infarction has also been reported in adolescents and adults. Protracted withdrawal symptoms, similar to those observed with long-acting opioid agonists, are predicted to have significant adverse effects associated with SCs dependence and withdrawal. The majority of SCs detected in herbal products have higher affinity and lower inhibitory constant (Ki) values than D9-ThC at the CB1 receptor, as determined in displacement assays using tritiated cannabinoid receptor ligands and membranes obtained from brain, spleen, or culture cells transfected with CB1 or CB2 receptors. Ki values of SCs are collected in Table 3.
Citation
alves VL, Gonçalves JL, aguiar J, Teixeira hM, Câmara JS. The synthetic cannabinoids phenomenon: from structure to toxicological properties. a review. Critical reviews in toxicology. 2020;50(5):359-382. doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1762539
