an exploration into “do-it-yourself” (DIY) e-liquid mixing: Users' motivations, practices and product laboratory analysis

Introduction: This text provides an analysis of the motivations, practices, and product laboratory results of individuals who mix their own e-liquids for e-cigarettes, also known as "Do-It-Yourself" (DIY) e-liquids. The study includes interviews with 41 European and US based exclusive users of e-cigarettes and laboratory analysis of 33 DIY e-liquids.

Key Points:

* The study found four main reasons for DIY e-liquid mixing: 1) economical (financial savings), 2) self-control over manufacturing process, 3) novelty, fun and 4) higher nicotine concentrations.
* Twelve out of 16 participants achieved their intended nicotine concentration within 20% of their intended limit.
* Most samples contained more vegetable glycerine (VG) than propylene glycol (PG) and the most commonly used flavourings were dessert, e.g., vanilla and caramel.
* Chemical analysis revealed the presence of several potentially harmful chemicals and respiratory irritants, including cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and acetoin.
* Participants reported mixing their own e-liquids as a way to save money, have control over the manufacturing process, and for the novelty and fun of it.
* The laboratory analysis found that most participants were able to achieve their intended nicotine concentrations, but some samples had concentrations above the EU Tobacco Products Directive's (TPD) upper limit.
* The study also found that DIY e-liquids contained potentially harmful chemicals and respiratory irritants, which may pose a risk to users.

Main Message: The study highlights that DIY e-liquid mixing is a popular practice among e-cigarette users, driven by a variety of motivations including financial savings and self-control over the manufacturing process. however, the results also indicate that DIY e-liquids may contain potentially harmful chemicals and respiratory irritants, which underscores the need for ongoing safety monitoring and regulation in this area. It is important for users to be aware of these risks and to take appropriate precautions when mixing their own e-liquids. additionally, regulatory bodies should consider the potential risks associated with DIY e-liquids and take appropriate steps to ensure the safety and quality of these products.

Cox, Sharon, Noel J. Leigh, Taylor S. Vanderbush, Emma Choo, Maciej L. Goniewicz, and Lynne Dawkins. “an Exploration into ‘Do-It-Yourself’ (DIY) e-Liquid Mixing: Users’ Motivations, Practices and Product Laboratory analysis.” addictive Behaviors Reports 9 (June 2019): 100151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100151.