Summary
Introduction:
This article reviews the impact of nicotine forms, specifically free base and protonated nicotine, on nicotine delivery in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). The authors discuss the possible mechanism behind the different absorption profiles of nicotine forms and their analysis in e-cigarette research. They also highlight the regulatory attention warranted by nicotine forms to combat nicotine addiction in the population due to e-cigarettes.
Key points:
* Nicotine forms, free base and protonated, have different sensory and absorption effects.
* Research on nicotine forms is limited and has reported contradictory results about absorption profiles.
* Various analytical approaches are being studied for the determination of free base or protonated fractions of total nicotine in e-cigarettes.
* The protonated form of nicotine is being correlated with smooth sensory effects and high nicotine absorption compared to free base nicotine.
* The introduction of nicotine salts, which yield mostly the protonated form, has increased the popularity of e-cigarettes among the youth.
* attention should be given to nicotine forms present in e-cigarette products to address nicotine addiction in the population.
* Nicotine levels in e-cigarette products should be regulated, and the impact of nicotine forms on nicotine absorption should also be considered.
Main message:
The study highlights the importance of considering nicotine forms, specifically free base and protonated nicotine, in e-cigarette research and regulation. With the increasing popularity of e-cigarettes, especially among the youth, it is crucial to understand the impact of nicotine forms on nicotine delivery and addiction potential. Despite the need for more research, the article emphasizes the importance of regulating nicotine levels and nicotine forms in e-cigarette products to combat nicotine addiction in the population.
Citation
Gholap VV, Kosmider L, Golshahi L, halquist MS. Nicotine forms: why and how do they matter in nicotine delivery from electronic cigarettes? Expert opinion on drug delivery. 2020;17(12):1727-1736. doi:10.1080/17425247.2020.1814736
