Summary
Introduction:
This text describes a study that aimed to assess the mutagenic activities of smoke from different cigarettes using the modified ames Salmonella assay. The study used the Vitrocell® direct exposure system to mimic cigarette smoke exposure in the human respiratory tract and performed ames tests using Salmonella Typhimurium Ta98 and Ta100.
Key Points:
* The study used a direct exposure system and the ames test to determine the mutagenic potentials of cigarette smoke (CS) produced by different cigarettes under different conditions.
* The ames tests were performed using the Vitrocell® direct exposure system, and the mutagenic potentials of the whole mainstream CS and gas/vapor phase fractions produced by conventional combustible cigarettes under two smoking regimens were compared.
* Salmonella Typhimurium Ta98 and Ta100 were used with and without metabolic activation, and the number of revertants induced by exposure to each CS was determined.
* The amount of smoke particles to which cells were exposed was also determined, and dose-response curves describing the relationships between exposure to smoke particles and the number of revertants induced were plotted.
* The slopes of linear regressions of the dose-response curves were determined, and the slope for each CS was used as a mutagenic activity index for that CS.
* a new heated cigarette was also tested, and smoke from the heated cigarette had a lower mutagenic activity in Ta98 and Ta100 with metabolic activation than did the conventional CS.
Main Message:
The study demonstrates that the direct exposure system and the ames test can be used to determine the mutagenic potentials of CS produced by different cigarettes under different conditions. The results indicate that the heated cigarette had a lower mutagenic activity than the conventional cigarette, suggesting that it may be a less harmful alternative. however, further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate the potential health effects of heated cigarettes. Overall, the study highlights the importance of using appropriate methods to assess the mutagenic potentials of CS and the potential benefits of alternative smoking products.
Citation
Ishikawa, Shinkichi, Yuki Kanemaru, hidenori Nara, Kazuo Erami, and Yasufumi Nagata. “assessing the Mutagenic activities of Smoke from Different Cigarettes in Direct Exposure Experiments Using the Modified ames Salmonella assay.” Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 803–804 (June 2016): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.04.008.
