adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes of Women Who Differ in Smoking Status: E-Cigarette and Tobacco Cigarette Users.

Introduction:
This text provides an overview of a study examining the relationship between e-cigarette use and maternal and infant outcomes. The study compares the characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women who are non-smokers, tobacco cigarette users, e-cigarette users, and dual users of tobacco and e-cigarettes. The study aims to inform future iterations of guidance and advice given to pregnant women regarding e-cigarette use.

Key Points:

* The study is a cross-sectional study of Dutch women with reported pregnancies between February 2019 and May 2022.
* The study collected data on smoking status and demographic, lifestyle, pregnancy, and infant characteristics through an online questionnaire.
* The study found that women who used e-cigarettes during pregnancy were more likely to have higher education levels and be primiparous compared to non-smokers, tobacco cigarette users, and dual users.
* Women who used e-cigarettes during pregnancy also had a higher proportion of miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation and gave birth to small for gestational age (SGa) infants.
* The study did not find any statistical differences in composite adverse maternal or infant outcomes between the women based on their smoking status.
* The study suggests that the effects of previous smoking may have confounded the effect of current smoking on maternal and infant outcomes.
* The study's small sample size of e-cigarette users limited the use of multivariate analyses.

Main Message:
The study highlights the need for more extensive research into e-cigarettes and their effects on pregnancy outcomes. The findings suggest that women who use e-cigarettes during pregnancy have different characteristics than non-smokers, tobacco cigarette users, and dual users, which may impact pregnancy outcomes. however, the study did not find any statistical differences in composite adverse maternal or infant outcomes between the women based on their smoking status. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the impact of e-cigarettes on pregnancy outcomes. Until more is known, practitioners should continue to follow existing guidelines and not recommend e-cigarette use during pregnancy.

Nanninga EK, Weiland S, Berger MY, Feijen-de Jong EI, Erwich JJhM, Peters LL. adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes of Women Who Differ in Smoking Status: E-Cigarette and Tobacco Cigarette Users. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2023;20(3). doi:10.3390/ijerph20032632