Correlation between biomarkers of exposure, effect and potential harm in the urine of electronic cigarette users.

Introduction:
This article presents a study investigating the relationship between biomarkers of exposure, effect, and potential harm in the urine of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users. The study also examines the correlation between these biomarkers and increased concentrations of metals in urine. The findings provide valuable insights into the potential health risks associated with e-cigarette use.

Key Points:

* The study involved a cross-sectional design with participants divided into three groups: non-smokers, e-cigarette users, and cigarette smokers.
* Biomarkers of exposure, effect, and potential harm were significantly elevated in e-cigarette users compared to non-smokers, with levels similar to cigarette smokers.
* Linear regression analysis revealed a correlation between cotinine (a biomarker of exposure) and total metal concentration, as well as between total metal concentration and metallothionein (a biomarker of effect).
* Zinc was significantly elevated in e-cigarette users and showed a significant correlation with oxidative DNa damage (8-OhdG).
* Selenium was also elevated in e-cigarette users but was not linked to increased oxidative stress.
* The study suggests that e-cigarette use increases the risk of zinc exposure, which in turn causes oxidative DNa damage.
* There is a concern that prolonged e-cigarette use with elevated oxidative stress may lead to disease progression.

Main Message:
The study emphasizes that e-cigarette use is not harm-free, and prolonged use with elevated oxidative stress may contribute to disease progression. Furthermore, the intake of metals, particularly zinc, from e-cigarette use is associated with increased oxidative damage to DNa. Therefore, physicians should exercise caution when recommending e-cigarettes to patients and be aware of possible adverse health outcomes. The biomarkers used in this study may be useful in clinical practice when evaluating the health of e-cigarette users.

Sakamaki-Ching S, Williams M, hua M, et al. Correlation between biomarkers of exposure, effect and potential harm in the urine of electronic cigarette users. BMJ open respiratory research. 2020;7(1). doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000452