a Problem for Generations: Impact of E-Cigarette Type on Immune homeostasis.

Introduction:
This text provides an overview of recent studies on cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system. The reader will learn about the evolution of pancreatic function in infants with cystic fibrosis, risk factors for bronchiectasis in children with the disease, and the impact of different generations of e-cigarettes on immune homeostasis in the respiratory tract.

Key Points:

* The paper by O ’Sullivan et al. (2013) examines the evolution of pancreatic function during the first year in infants with cystic fibrosis.
* Sly et al. (2013) identify risk factors for bronchiectasis in children with cystic fibrosis.
* hickman et al. (2022) evaluate the impact of e-cigarette use on immune homeostasis in the respiratory tract, analyzing third- and fourth-generation e-cigarette users in separate groups.
* The study by Ghosh et al. (2019) finds higher concentrations of proteases in combustible tobacco and e-cigarette smokers.
* Sayed et al. (2021) identify a reduction in markers of airway inflammation in e-cigarette users and higher circulating concentrations of certain inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors.
* Reidel et al. (2018) and Corriden et al. (2020) find elevated markers of neutrophil activation in e-cigarette users and decreased neutrophil functional abilities in the circulation of e-cigarette users.
* Limitations of hickman et al.’s study include the overrepresentation of male subjects in the fourth-generation e-cigarette group and the lack of further characterization of e-cigarette users regarding flavor, frequency, or chronicity of use or concomitant use of marijuana-containing products.

Main Message:
The studies summarized in this text highlight the importance of continued research on cystic fibrosis and the impact of e-cigarette use on respiratory health. The findings suggest that different generations of e-cigarettes may have varying effects on immune homeostasis, and that further characterization of e-cigarette use is necessary to better understand the health risks associated with their use. additionally, the studies emphasize the need for high-quality survey instruments to accurately quantify concomitant combustible tobacco and marijuana use, as well as types, flavors, and frequency of e-cigarettes and e-liquids used.

Sullivan L, Crotty alexander LE. a Problem for Generations: Impact of E-Cigarette Type on Immune homeostasis. american journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2022;206(10):1195-1197. doi:10.1164/rccm.202207-1247ED