Nicotine Chemistry, Metabolism, Kinetics and Biomarkers

Based on the information provided in the document. the following conclusions can be summarized:

1. anatabine, a compound found in tobacco and recommended as a nicotine replacement therapy, can be detected in urine for 10-16 hours after exposure.
2. Nicotine and cotinine, metabolites of nicotine, are not detected in urine when using anatabine as a nicotine replacement therapy, which is a beneficial aspect for smoking cessation.
3. Certain tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNa), such as NNaL, NNaL-glucuronides, and NNK, can be detected in blood and urine for up to 6 weeks after tobacco exposure.
4. Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and carboxyhemoglobin (blood CO) can be detected in exhaled air and blood for 2-6 hours and 4-6 hours, respectively, after tobacco exposure.
5. Various metabolites from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Pahs) and other combustion products, such as 1-hydroxypyrene, mercapturic acid metabolites, acrolein, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene, can be detected in urine for varying durations after exposure to traffic, combustion products, grilled meat, occupation, or biomass combustion in homes.

These conclusions highlight the importance of understanding the metabolism and excretion patterns of different compounds found in tobacco and tobacco smoke, which can aid in the development of more effective smoking cessation therapies and provide insight into potential health risks associated with exposure to tobacco smoke and other environmental pollutants.

Benowitz, Neal L., Janne hukkanen, and Peyton Jacob. “Nicotine Chemistry, Metabolism, Kinetics and Biomarkers.” In Nicotine Psychopharmacology, edited by Jack E. henningfield, Edythe D. London, and Sakire Pogun, 192:29–60. handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Berlin, heidelberg: Springer Berlin heidelberg, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69248-5_2.