No evidence of differences in smoking levels, nicotine dependence, carbon monoxide or motivational indices between cigarette smokers and cigarette + e-cigarette dual users in two samples.

Introduction:
This text summarizes a scientific study that examines the relationship between smoking, e-cigarette use, and nicotine dependence in two different samples. The study compares smokers, dual cigarette/e-cigarette users, and e-cigarette-only users in terms of sociodemographic factors, patterns of e-cigarette use, smoking-related characteristics, and tobacco demand. The study aims to characterize the extent that dual use relates to differential involvement with combustible cigarettes, including e-cigarette-only consumers to further contextualize the findings.

Key Points:

* The study includes two samples: community adults (Sample 1) and young adult binge drinkers (Sample 2).
* Participants were categorized as smokers, e-cigarette-only users, or dual users.
* The study assessed multiple indicators of smoking involvement, including sociodemographic factors, patterns of e-cigarette use, smoking-related characteristics, and tobacco demand.
* The study found no significant differences in smoking-related characteristics or tobacco demand between smokers and dual users in either sample.
* Dual users reported a greater use of e-cigarettes for quitting smoking compared to e-cigarette-only users.
* Frequency of e-cigarette use was not significantly different between dual users and e-cigarette-only users.
* The study did not find evidence that e-cigarette use affects combustible tobacco use or motivation for combustible tobacco, or fundamentally reduces health risks.

Main Message:
The study suggests that concurrent e-cigarette use does not affect combustible tobacco use or motivation for combustible tobacco, or fundamentally reduces health risks. The findings do not support the use of e-cigarettes as a tool for reducing combustible tobacco use or harm. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between smoking, e-cigarette use, and nicotine dependence.

González-Roz A, MacKillop J. No evidence of differences in smoking levels, nicotine dependence, carbon monoxide or motivational indices between cigarette smokers and cigarette + e-cigarette dual users in two samples. Addictive behaviors. 2021;112:106543. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106543