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Serum cotinine levels and nicotine addiction potential of e-cigarettes: an NhaNES analysis.

Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Rapp (2020)

Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure Decrease after Smokers Switch to an E-Cigarette or Nicotine Gum.

Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Round (2019)

Relation of nicotine yield of cigarettes to blood nicotine concentrations in smokers.

Nonclinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Harm

Russelll (1980)

Correlation between biomarkers of exposure, effect and potential harm in the urine of electronic cigarette users.

Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Sakamaki-Ching (2020)