Vitamin D deficiency in Europeans today and in Viking settlers of Greenland
Non-clinical
Goring and Koshuchowa (1998)
Stress and hypothermia in Mice in a Nose-Only Cigarette Smoke Exposure System
Non-clinical
Safety Effect In Animals
Van Eijl (2006)
Respiratory irritants in e-cigarette refill liquids across nine European countries: a threat to respiratory health?
Non-clinical
Chemical
Analysis
Vardavas (2017)
Toxicity assessment of Refill Liquids for Electronic Cigarettes
Non-clinical
Chemical
Analysis
Varlet (2015)
an evaluation of electronic cigarette formulations and aerosols for harmful and potentially harmful constituents (hPhCs) typically derived from combustion
Non-clinical
Chemical
Analysis
Wagner (2018)
Metal and Silicate Particles Including Nanoparticles are Present in Electronic Cigarette Cartomizer Fluid and aerosol
Non-clinical
Chemical
Analysis
Williams (2013)
Strategies to Reduce Tin and Other Metals in Electronic Cigarette aerosol
Non-clinical
Methods
Williams (2015)
Comparison of the Performance of Cartomizer Style Electronic Cigarettes from Major Tobacco and Independent Manufacturers
Non-clinical
Williams (2016)
Elements including metals in the atomizer and aerosol of disposable electronic cigarettes and electronic hookahs
Non-clinical
Chemical
Analysis
Williams (2017)
Evaluation of the Tobacco heating System 2.2. Part 4: 90-day OECD 413 rat inhalation study with systems toxicology endpoints demonstrates reduced exposure effects compared with cigarette smoke
Non-clinical
Safety Effect In Animals
Repeat-dose Toxicity
Wong (2016)