Strategies to Reduce Tin and Other Metals in Electronic Cigarette aerosol
Non-clinical
Methods
Williams (2015)
Comparison of the Performance of Cartomizer Style Electronic Cigarettes from Major Tobacco and Independent Manufacturers
Non-clinical
Williams (2016)
Elements including metals in the atomizer and aerosol of disposable electronic cigarettes and electronic hookahs
Non-clinical
Chemical
Analysis
Williams (2017)
Evaluation of the Tobacco heating System 2.2. Part 4: 90-day OECD 413 rat inhalation study with systems toxicology endpoints demonstrates reduced exposure effects compared with cigarette smoke
Non-clinical
Safety Effect In Animals
Repeat-dose Toxicity
Wong (2016)
Preclinical assessment of Tobacco-Free Nicotine Pouches Demonstrates Reduced In Vitro Toxicity Compared with Tobacco Snus and Combustible Cigarette Smoke
Non-Clinical
Cytoxicity
In Vitro
Yu (2022)
Metal concentrations in electronic cigarette aerosol: Effect of open-system and closed-system devices and power settings
Non-Clinical
Chemical
Analysis
Zhao (2019)
Evaluating the Role of Nicotine Stereoisomer on Nicotine Pouch Abuse Liability: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Non-Clinical
Cytoxicity
In Vitro
Keller-Hamilton (2025)
Secondhand Tobacco Exposure Assessed Using Urinary Cotinine Among 10-Year-Old Children in Japan: An 11-Year Repeated Cross-sectional Study
Non-Clinical
Chemical
Analysis
Tamada (2025)
Identification and Quantitation of Nicotine Polacrilex in Nicotine Pouches and Other Oral Nicotine Delivery Products
Non-Clinical
Chemical
Analysis
Moldoveanu (2023)
A Review of Pulmonary Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes in the Context of Smoking: A Focus on Inflammation
Non-clinical
Cardiovascular Toxicity
In Vitro
Shields (2017)