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Exposure to nicotine-free and flavor-free e-cigarette vapors modifies the pulmonary response to tobacco cigarette smoke in female mice.

Nonclinical
Safety Effects In Animals
Non-Clinical Nicotine & Cotinine

Lechasseur (2020)

E-cigarettes damage the liver and alter nutrient metabolism in pregnant mice and their offspring.

Nonclinical
Reproductive & Developmental Effects
In Vivo

Li (2020)