Electronic Cigarette Topography in the Natural Environment
Individual Clinical
User Topography
Robinson (2015)
Nicotine Exposure by Device Type among adult Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Users in the Population assessment of Tobacco and health Study, 2015-2016.
Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Pharmacokinetics
Rostron (2020)
Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure Decrease after Smokers Switch to an E-Cigarette or Nicotine Gum.
Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure
Round (2019)
Comparison of Nicotine Dependence and Biomarker Levels among Traditional Cigarette, heat-Not-Burn Cigarette, and Liquid E-Cigarette Users: Results from the Think Study.
Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure
Rudasingwa (2021)
Neural-hematopoietic-inflammatory axis in nonsmokers, electronic cigarette users, and tobacco smokers.
Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Pharmacokinetics
Ruedisueli (2022)
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of aerosolized (“vaped”) ThC in adolescent male and female rats.
Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Pharmacokinetics
Ruiz (2021)
Cross-sectional study of urinary biomarkers of environmental tobacco and e-cigarette exposure and asthma morbidity.
Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure
Ruran (2022)
Smokers' response to shortened cigarettes: Dose reduction without dilution of tobacco smoke
Individual Clinical
User Topography
Russelll (1980)
Vapers exhibit similar subjective nicotine dependence but lower nicotine reinforcing value compared to smokers.
Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Abuse Liability
Rycroft (2021)
Particulate metals and organic compounds from electronic and tobacco-containing cigarettes: comparison of emission rates and secondhand exposure
Individual Clinical
Respiratory Toxicity
Secondary & Tertiary Exposure
Saffari (2014)