another Warning Sign: high Nicotine Content in Electronic Cigarettes Disrupts Mucociliary Clearance, the Essential Defense Mechanism of the Lung.
Nonclinical
Immunotoxicity
In Vivo
Kesimer (2019)
Vegetable glycerin e-cigarette aerosols cause airway inflammation and ion channel dysfunction.
Nonclinical
Respiratory Toxicity
In Vivo
Kim (2022)
E-cigarette aerosols of propylene glycol impair BK channel activity and parameters of mucociliary function.
Nonclinical
Respiratory Toxicity
In Vivo
Kim (2023)
Vaping disrupts ventilation-perfusion matching in asymptomatic users.
Nonclinical
Respiratory Toxicity
In Vivo
Kizhakke (2021)
Propylene glycol, a component of electronic cigarette liquid, damages epithelial cells in human small airways.
Nonclinical
Respiratory Toxicity
In Vivo
Komura (2022)
Clinical Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Workers at a Microwave-Popcorn Plant
Nonclinical
Respiratory Toxicity
In Vivo
Kreiss (2002)
Short-term e-cigarette vapour exposure causes vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction: evidence for a close connection to brain damage and a key role of the phagocytic NaDPh oxidase (NOX-2).
Nonclinical
Cardiovascular Toxicity
In Vivo
Kuntic (2020)
The role of acrolein for E-cigarette vapour condensate mediated activation of NaDPh oxidase in cultured endothelial cells and macrophages.
Nonclinical
Cardiovascular Toxicity
In Vivo
Kuntic (2023)
Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal as E-cigarette Vapor Ingredients-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine and Mucins Expression in human Nasal Epithelial Cells.
Nonclinical
Respiratory Toxicity
In Vivo
Kwak (2021)
acute and chronic in vivo effects of exposure to nicotine and propylene glycol from an E-cigarette on mucociliary clearance in a murine model
Non-Clinical
Respiratory Toxicity
In Vivo
Laube (2017)