Nicotine dependence and intention to quit among electronic, conventional and dual cigarette users in Karachi.
Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Abuse Liability
Zaidi (2022)
Effects of e-liquid flavor, nicotine content, and puff duration on metal emissions from electronic cigarettes.
Individual Clinical
User Topography
Zhao (2022)
Is electronic cigarette use a risk factor for stroke? a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Individual Clinical
Safety
Adverse Effects
Zhao (2022)
Voltage and e-liquid composition affect nicotine deposition within the oral cavity and carbonyl formation.
Individual Clinical
User Topography
Zhou (2021)
Comparison of brain nicotine uptake from electronic cigarettes and combustible cigarettes.
Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Pharmacokinetics
Zuo (2022)
Subjective sleep quality and electronic cigarette dependence, perceived risks of use, and perceptions about quitting electronic cigarettes.
Individual Clinical
Safety
Adverse Effects
Zvolensky (2020)
Evaluation of Chemical Exposures at a Vape Shop
Individual Clinical
Respiratory Toxicity
Secondary & Tertiary Exposure
Zwack (2017)
E-cigarette Quit Attempts in Emerging Adults: Motivations for Attempts and Predictors of Cessation Barriers
Individual Clinical
Respiratory Toxicity
Relative Health Effects Of Users
Holt (2025)
From Smoking to Vaping: The Motivation for E-cigarette Use at the Neurobiological Level—A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Individual Clinical
Safety
Adverse Effects
Grundinger (2025)
Trends in Mental Health Symptoms, Nicotine Product Use, and Their Association Over Time Among Adolescents in Canada, England, and the US: Findings From the ITC Adolescents Tobacco and Vaping Survey, 2020–2023
Individual Clinical
Safety
Adverse Effects
Hackworth (2025)