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Recent updates on biomarkers of exposure and systemic toxicity in e-cigarette users and EVaLI.

Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure

McDonough (2021)

Specific biomarker comparison in current smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers.

Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Melero-Ollonarte (2023)

Cardiovascular impact of electronic-cigarette use

Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Harm

Middlekauff (2020)