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Specific biomarker comparison in current smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers.

Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Melero-Ollonarte (2023)

Cardiovascular impact of electronic-cigarette use

Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Harm

Middlekauff (2020)

Metal exposure and biomarker levels among e-cigarette users in Spain.

Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Olmedo (2021)

Urinary Cotinine and Nicotine Dependence Levels in Regular Male Electronic Cigarette Users.

Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Pamungkasninhsih (2021)