Chronic electronic cigarette exposure in mice induces features of COPD in a nicotine-dependent manner
Non-clinical
Safety Effects In Animals
Repeat-dose Toxicity
Garcia-arcos (2016)
Respiratory Toxicologic Pathology of Inhaled Diacetyl in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Non-Clinical
Safety Effects In Animals
hubbs (2008)
Transgenic chinese hamster V79 cell lines which exhibit variable levels of gpt mutagenesis
Non-Clinical
Safety Effects In Animals
Klein and Rossman (1990)
Biological changes in C57BL/6 mice following 3 weeks of inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke or e-vapor aerosols
Non-Clinical
Safety Effects In Animals
Repeat-dose Toxicity
Lee (2018)
Vapors Produced by Electronic Cigarettes and E-Juices with Flavorings Induce Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Response in Lung Epithelial Cells and in Mouse Lung
Non-Clinical
Safety Effects In Animals
Lerner (2015)
MaTERNaL NICOTINE EXPOSURE DURING GESTaTION aND LaCTaTION OF RaTS INDUCE MICROSCOPIC EMPhYSEMa IN ThE OFFSPRING
Non-Clinical
Safety Effects In Animals
Repeat-dose Toxicity
Maritz (2002)
The Effects of Electronic Cigarette Emissions on Systemic Cotinine Levels, Weight and Postnatal Lung Growth in Neonatal Mice
Non-Clinical
Safety Effects In Animals
Acute Toxicity
McGrath-Morrow (2015)
Bronchial and Bronchiolar Fibrosis in Rats Exposed to 2,3-Pentanedione Vapors: Implications for Bronchiolitis Obliterans in humans
Non-Clinical
Safety Effects In Animals
Repeat-dose Toxicity
Morgan (2012)
Evaluation of the Tobacco heating System 2.2. Part 6: 90-day OECD 413 rat inhalation study with systems toxicology endpoints demonstrates reduced exposure effects of a mentholated version compared with mentholated and non-mentholated cigarette smoke
Non-Clinical
Safety Effects In Animals
Repeat-dose Toxicity
Oviedo (2016)
Prenatal nicotine increases pulmonary α7 nicotinic receptor expression and alters fetal lung development in monkeys
Non-Clinical
Safety Effects In Animals
Non-Clinical
Of Nicotine &
Cotinine
Sekhon (1999)