Long-term electronic cigarette exposure induces cardiovascular dysfunction similar to tobacco cigarettes: role of nicotine and exposure duration.
Individual Clinical
Safety
Adverse Effects
El-Mahdy (2021)
Electronic cigarette exposure causes vascular endothelial dysfunction due to NaDPh oxidase activation and eNOS uncoupling.
Nonclinical
Cardiovascular Toxicity
In Vivo
El-Mahdy (2022)