Design Features in Multiple Generations of Electronic Cigarette atomizers.
Nonclinical
Chemical
Analysis
Williams (2019)
Metal and Silicate Particles Including Nanoparticles are Present in Electronic Cigarette Cartomizer Fluid and aerosol
Non-clinical
Chemical
Analysis
Williams (2013)
Elements including metals in the atomizer and aerosol of disposable electronic cigarettes and electronic hookahs
Non-clinical
Chemical
Analysis
Williams (2017)
Effects of Model, Method of Collection, and Topography on Chemical Elements and Metals in the aerosol of Tank-Style Electronic Cigarettes.
Nonclinical
Chemical
Analysis
Williams (2019)
Chemical Elements, Flavor Chemicals, and Nicotine in Unused and Used Electronic Cigarettes aged 5-10 Years and Effects of ph.
Nonclinical
Chemical
Analysis
Williams (2022)