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Specific biomarker comparison in current smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers.

Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Melero-Ollonarte (2023)

Nicotine vaping was not the cause of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury in the United States.

Individual Clinical
Respiratory Toxicity
Relative Harm To The User

Mendelsohn (2023)

Platelet reactivity is higher in e-cigarette vaping as compared to traditional smoking.

Individual Clinical
Safety
Adverse Effects

Metzen (2021)

Cardiovascular impact of electronic-cigarette use

Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Harm

Middlekauff (2020)