Nicotine Exposure by Device Type among adult Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Users in the Population assessment of Tobacco and health Study, 2015-2016.
Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Pharmacokinetics
Rostron (2020)
Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure Decrease after Smokers Switch to an E-Cigarette or Nicotine Gum.
Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure
Round (2019)
Comparison of Nicotine Dependence and Biomarker Levels among Traditional Cigarette, heat-Not-Burn Cigarette, and Liquid E-Cigarette Users: Results from the Think Study.
Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure
Rudasingwa (2021)
Neural-hematopoietic-inflammatory axis in nonsmokers, electronic cigarette users, and tobacco smokers.
Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Pharmacokinetics
Ruedisueli (2022)
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of aerosolized (“vaped”) ThC in adolescent male and female rats.
Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Pharmacokinetics
Ruiz (2021)
Cross-sectional study of urinary biomarkers of environmental tobacco and e-cigarette exposure and asthma morbidity.
Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure
Ruran (2022)
Smokers' response to shortened cigarettes: Dose reduction without dilution of tobacco smoke
Individual Clinical
User Topography
Russelll (1980)
Vapers exhibit similar subjective nicotine dependence but lower nicotine reinforcing value compared to smokers.
Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Abuse Liability
Rycroft (2021)
Particulate metals and organic compounds from electronic and tobacco-containing cigarettes: comparison of emission rates and secondhand exposure
Individual Clinical
Respiratory Toxicity
Secondary & Tertiary Exposure
Saffari (2014)
Correlation between biomarkers of exposure, effect and potential harm in the urine of electronic cigarette users.
Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure
Sakamaki-Ching (2020)