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Nicotine delivery and users’ reactions to Juul compared with cigarettes and other e-cigarette products.

Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Pharmacokinetics

hajek (2020)

The “gateway” effect of e-cigarettes may be explained by a genetic liability to risk-taking.

Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Abuse Liability

hall (2021)

Perceived risks and benefits of smoking: differences among adolescents with different smoking experiences and intentions

Population Clinical
Perception Of Risk
Comparsion With Tobacco And Other Nicotine Products

halpern-Felsher (2004)

Exposure of U.S. workers to environmental tobacco smoke.

Nonclinical
Respiratory Toxicity
In Vivo

hammond (1999)

Occupational Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Individual Clinical
Respiratory Toxicity
Secondary & Tertiary Exposure

hammond (1995)