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Nicotine delivery and user reactions to Juul EU (20 mg/ml) compared with Juul US (59 mg/ml), cigarettes and other e-cigarette products.

Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Pharmacokinetics

Phillips-Waller (2021)

E-Cigarette Dependence in Youth.

Population Clinical
Consumer Use
Youth Use & Appeal

Pienkowski (2022)

Use of E-cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products and Progression to Daily Cigarette Smoking.

Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Abuse Liability

Pierce (2021)

Dual Users Compared to Smokers: Demographics, Dependence, and Biomarkers.

Population Clinical
Population Health Impact

Piper (2019)