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Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure Decrease after Smokers Switch to an E-Cigarette or Nicotine Gum.

Individual Clinical
Biomarkers
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Round (2019)

Flavored e-liquids increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels in airway epithelia.

Nonclinical
Genotoxicity
In Vivo

Rowell (2020)

Neural-hematopoietic-inflammatory axis in nonsmokers, electronic cigarette users, and tobacco smokers.

Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Pharmacokinetics

Ruedisueli (2022)

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of aerosolized (“vaped”) ThC in adolescent male and female rats.

Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Pharmacokinetics

Ruiz (2021)