Negative health symptoms reported by youth e-cigarette users: Results from a national survey of US youth.
Individual Clinical
Safety
Adverse Effects
King (2020)
Electronic cigarette use among 14- to 17-year-olds in Europe.
Population Clinical
Consumer Use
Youth Use & Appeal
Kinnunen (2021)
Reinforcement enhancement by nicotine: a novel abuse-liability assessment of e-cigarettes in young adults.
Individual Clinical
Pharmacokinetics & Abuse Liability
Abuse Liability
Kirshenbaum (2022)
In Utero Exposure to Maternal Electronic Nicotine Delivery System use Demonstrate alterations to Craniofacial Development.
Nonclinical
Reproductive & Developmental Effects
In Vitro
Kishinchand (2023)
Vaping disrupts ventilation-perfusion matching in asymptomatic users.
Nonclinical
Respiratory Toxicity
In Vivo
Kizhakke (2021)
Who are the young users of tobacco products? Prevalence and characteristics of Danish adolescents who have either smoked cigarettes, used alternative tobacco products, or used both.
Population Clinical
Consumer Use
Youth Use & Appeal
Kjeld (2021)
Flavoring Chemicals and aldehydes in E-Cigarette Emissions
Non-Clinical
Chemical
Analysis
Klager (2017)
Transgenic chinese hamster V79 cell lines which exhibit variable levels of gpt mutagenesis
Non-Clinical
Safety Effects In Animals
Klein and Rossman (1990)
E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-associated Lung Injury Produced in an animal Model From Electronic Cigarette Vapor Exposure Without Tetrahydrocannabinol or Vitamin E Oil.
Nonclinical
Safety Effects In Animals
Acute
Kleinman (2020)